Tomato Big Bud Disease: Symptoms and Prevention Options
If your tomato plants have enormous flower buds and little or no fruit develops, you should examine them more closely to see if they have the aptly named tomato big bud disease.
While this disease can be a severe problem in subtropical areas of the world, it is less common in the US, and typically is a more minor concern for farmers and home gardeners here.
However, if your plants are infected, it can be a serious problem.
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Read on to learn what to look for and what to do if your tomato plants have big bud disease.
Here’s what I’ll cover:
Scientific Name and Distribution
As COVID-19 tells us, it’s amazing how much damage tiny organisms can do.
In this case, the offending pathogen is known as a phytoplasma – a microscopic organism that is smaller than bacteria.
This one is known officially as Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia, and more commonly as tomato big bud (TBB).
Phytoplasmas were previously known as “mycoplasma-like organisms.” They are parasitic in nature, and require a plant or insect host in order to survive.
These pathogens are responsible for a number of different diseases that affect hundreds of plant species, including potato purple top wilt.
Several strains of this organism exist, and the one that plagues plants in the US is known as 16SrII, based on molecular genetic analyses of its ribosomal RNA.
Tomato big bud was first identified in Australia in 1902, from whence it has spread to the US, Brazil, China, India, Pakistan, South Africa, and many of the Pacific Islands.
In 2015, a subgroup of 16SrII was found to affect crops in Tanzania, and as of 2019,
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