Orchids are one of the largest families of flowering plants, with an estimated 27,000 species worldwide. Around 70 per cent of orchids are epiphytic, meaning they derive their moisture and nutrients from the air and usually grow high in the canopy of tropical forests. But temperate species, such as those in Britain, are terrestrial in their growth habits, meaning they grow in the ground.
Orchids are perennial and they grow in a wide range of UK habitats from boggy peatland to coastal dunes and dry grassland. Some native species like the red helleborine and fen orchid are extremely rare, and habitat loss and climate breakdown are hastening the decline of many other species too.
Over the years, orchid theft from the wild has been a serious issue, and continues to have an impact on UK orchid populations. As with other wild plants, it’s illegal to uproot orchids without the landowner’s permission under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. Several of the rarest orchid species have further protection under this act.
A few orchid species, such as summer lady’s-tresses (Spiranthes aestivalis), have already become extinct, while others, such as the ghost orchid (Epipogium aphyllum), are on the brink of disappearing.
Unlike the ghost orchid, the common spotted orchid (Dactylorhiza fuchsia) is – as its name suggests – still common throughout the UK. A fully hardy perennial, this orchid thrives in many different habitats, including wetland such as marshes, fens and damp meadows, and drier areas like dunes, chalk grassland and woodland edges. It is the most widespread British orchid and produces spikes of purple flowers in late spring and summer.
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Anemones are members of the Ranunculaceae or buttercup family, which also includes hellebores, clematis and aquilegia. The wood anemone (Anemone nemorosa) originates from Europe and, as its common name suggests, it is often found in woodland, though it also grows in grassland, heaths and hedge banks. Its pure white flowers carpet the woodland floor from March onwards, often mingling with the bluebells during April and May. Seeing these two graceful perennials shimmering together beneath the emerging tree foliage, makes any woodland visit a spring delight.
Phragmites or common reeds include native as well as introduced species of grasses. The non-native phragmites are outcompeting native vegetation and pushing out the native phragmites. Learn more about the differences between native and non-native phragmites.
Traditionally, greenhouses can be quite energy and water intensive, running on fossil fuels which are detrimental to the environment. This is why more and more UK homeowners and gardening enthusiasts are designing their greenhouses with sustainability in mind. In this article, we’ll talk you through the different areas where you can consider improving the sustainability of your greenhouse and how these could benefit you – so that you can garden with a green conscience as well as a green thumb.
Perfectly combining bright colour, dainty flower form and ease of growth, hardy fuchsias are the answer to many gardeners’ prayers. In bloom from midsummer to the first frost of autumn, this is a length of service unrivalled by any other shrub save, perhaps, roses.
Sparrowhawks are one of the most agile birds of prey in the UK. They evolved to nip, dive and swerve around trees to hunt in forests, and this means they’re also well-adapted to hunt amongst the buildings in our urban centres. I’ve seen them several times in my garden in urban Cambridge. Either perched on my fence, streaking across in a blur, or, on one memorable occasion, swiping a Starling from the bird feeder and plucking it on the ground.
Traditionally, greenhouses can be quite energy and water intensive, running on fossil fuels which are detrimental to the environment. This is why more and more UK homeowners and gardening enthusiasts are designing their greenhouses with sustainability in mind. In this article, we’ll talk you through the different areas where you can consider improving the sustainability of your greenhouse and how these could benefit you – so that you can garden with a green conscience as well as a green thumb.
Shrubs growing in shade perform a variety of functions – from serving as a leafy foil to other plants, to lighting up dark areas with bright flowers or impressing with dramatic foliage. Small or low-growing shrubs can even be used for ground cover.
Hailing from South Africa, agapanthus can be evergreen or deciduous; the deciduous varieties are the most hardy in this country. The evergreen varieties grow in the southern Cape in milder areas, so will need frost protection in the UK – or they can be grown in pots and brought inside.
As far removed from an English cottage garden as you can travel, the passion flower (Passiflora) is one of the most theatrical and exotic of plants. The weird and wonderful blooms are embellished with many showy parts that together remind you of peering into a kaleidoscope as a child: in the centre, the anthers, stigmas, and ovary protrude over the filament rays, which are marked with circles of incredible colour.